A 72V ONYX uses a different voltage reference from its nominal label. Check the battery model and whether the reading is at rest or under load. Use the pack and cell references below alongside the battery’s actual behavior.
Cell Identification in Older References
The 23Ah-specific table in the ONYX owner manual, page 44 , identifies Panasonic NCR18650PF 2900mAh cells and a 20S8P pack. The earlier Samsung 25R entry in this blog was incorrect. Another general table in that manual differs on parallel count, so match the battery-specific table and actual pack identification. A voltage chart alone cannot establish cell identity.
Battery and Cell Voltage Chart
The amount of time a battery cell stays above 4.2V or below 2.5V is critical. A few seconds might be tolerable, but staying in those ranges for minutes or hours significantly increases the risk of thermal runaway above 4.2V or permanent cell damage below 2.5V.
| Cell Volts | Description |
|---|---|
| 4.50v | Thermal Runaway Risk |
| 4.45v | Thermal Runaway Risk |
| 4.40v | Thermal Runaway Risk |
| 4.35v | Thermal Runaway Risk |
| 4.30v | Thermal Runaway Risk |
| 4.25v | Overcharge / Degradation |
| 4.20v | 100% (Full Charge) |
| 4.15v | Near Full (Common BMS Limit) |
| 4.10v | |
| 4.05v | |
| 4.00v | High State of Charge |
| 3.95v | |
| 3.90v | ~75% |
| 3.85v | |
| 3.80v | |
| 3.75v | |
| 3.70v | Nominal Voltage |
| 3.65v | Nominal Voltage |
| 3.625v | ~50% |
| 3.60v | |
| 3.55v | |
| 3.50v | |
| 3.45v | |
| 3.40v | |
| 3.35v | |
| 3.30v | ~25% |
| 3.25v | |
| 3.20v | |
| 3.15v | |
| 3.10v | |
| 3.05v | |
| 3.00v | Typical Cutoff (Not True 0%) |
| 2.95v | |
| 2.90v | |
| 2.85v | |
| 2.80v | |
| 2.75v | |
| 2.70v | Deep Discharge (Cell Stress) |
| 2.65v | |
| 2.60v | |
| 2.55v | |
| 2.50v | Minimum (Damage Threshold) |
This chart is best used as a reference guide. Resting voltage, loaded voltage, BMS tuning, and battery chemistry can shift where these thresholds appear in real-world use.
Battery Operating Range
| Platform | Full Voltage | Empty Voltage | Storage Voltage | Max Regen |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 72V | 83-84 V | 60 V | 72-79 V | 40 A |
Empty voltage and regen behavior vary under load, temperature, and controller settings. These values are best treated as reference ranges, not fixed under-throttle readings.
ONYX 45Ah 72V Reading Battery Level
| Voltage | State |
|---|---|
| 84 V | Full |
| 72 V | ~50% |
| 60 V | Empty |
ONYX 45Ah 72V Battery and Cell Voltage Chart
| Battery V | Cell V | Description |
|---|---|---|
| 90V | 4.50V | Thermal runaway risk |
| 88V | 4.40V | Thermal runaway risk |
| 85V | 4.25V | Rapid degradation |
| 84V | 4.20V | True 100% |
| 83V | 4.15V | Stock “100%” |
| 80V | 4.00V | ~80% |
| 74V | 3.70V | Storage level |
| 72.5V | 3.63V | ~50% |
| 66V | 3.30V | ~25% |
| 60V | 3.00V | Empty |
| 50V | 2.50V | Minimum |
| <50V | <2.50V | Damage occurs |
ONYX 41Ah 72V Voltage vs Usability
84-80V
- strong output
- rapid initial drop
80-72V
- most stable range
- best efficiency
below ~66V
- high sag
- reduced power
- increased cutoff risk
ONYX 41Ah 72V Discharge Behavior
High State (83V-80V)
- strong output
- noticeable sag
Mid Range (80V-72V)
- most stable
- best efficiency
Low Range (<66V)
- increased sag
- reduced power
- cutoff risk
ONYX 41Ah 72V Discharge Curve
- 8% -> 62V
- 4% -> 61V
- 0% -> 60V
