Reference Values vs the Settings Profile

Values in this article explain parameter behavior. They include a different Ratio In Speed curve and LowSpeedPhaseRatio from the Jaws Mode Settings profile. At 500 RPM the reference uses 100% versus 98% in the settings; at 2250 RPM it uses 80% versus 58%; LowSpeedPhaseRatio is 65% versus 60%. The dataset revision or hardware basis for these differences is not recorded. These are distinct records, not interchangeable confirmed defaults. Preserve motor-specific learned/calibration values and verify applicability before writing settings.

ONYX FarDriver JAWS MODE Controller Reference

This reference explains the core controller behavior of the ONYX-focused FarDriver JAWS MODE configuration.

It covers Simple Mode and Pro NBLE, motor/current relationships, input functions, protection, PID, and firmware features. Detailed gear/RPM ratios, regenerative braking, display/calibration measurements, and throttle-cutout diagnosis have their own linked articles.

Every section explains:

  • what the parameter or system does
  • how it behaves under load
  • what it interacts with
  • what it feels like when changed
  • where it reaches diminishing returns
  • what fails when pushed too far
  • how it should be tuned in real ONYX QS motor setups

This is not generic FarDriver documentation. It is written specifically around ONYX builds using ND-series controllers, QS motors, and real-world riding behavior.


JAWS MODE Workflow

Performance Build -> Wiring -> AutoLearn -> Tuning -> Parameters -> Calibration


SYSTEM OVERVIEW

SystemValue
ControllersND72680 / ND84680 / ND96680 / ND721000 / ND841000 / ND961000
Voltage72V / 84V / 96V
MotorsQS205 / QS260 / QS273
PolePairs16
ModeJAWS MODE

This defines the electrical and hardware boundaries that all controller behavior operates within. Power delivery, thermal limits, and control stability are all constrained by the combination of controller capability, system voltage, and motor characteristics.

  • Controllers -> define current ceiling and thermal handling
  • Voltage -> sets power potential and protection scaling
  • Motors -> determine torque response, efficiency, and heat behavior
  • PolePairs (16) -> required for correct RPM calculation and stable commutation
  • JAWS MODE -> prioritizes fast current delivery and minimal filtering

All tuning and parameter behavior in later sections operate inside these limits.


CORE SYSTEM RELATIONSHIPS

SystemPrimary ControlUnder Load BehaviorReal-World FeelFailure Mode
TorqueMaxPhaseCurrHeat rises exponentiallyHard accelerationMotor overheating
PowerMaxLineCurrVoltage sag increasesPull weakens at speedCutouts
SpeedWeakeningEfficiency dropsHigher top speedInstability
ControlThrottle Acc StepCurrent spikesSnappy throttleHeat + stress

Power = Voltage × Current
Heat ≈ Current² × Time
Voltage Sag ≈ Current × Internal Resistance

These systems are directly coupled. Increasing one always shifts load into another.

  • Increasing MaxPhaseCurr (Torque) increases acceleration, but heat rises exponentially and quickly becomes the limiting factor
  • Increasing MaxLineCurr (Power) improves high-speed pull, but increases voltage sag, reducing effective power under load
  • Increasing Weakening (Speed) raises top speed, but reduces efficiency and torque while increasing instability at high RPM
  • Increasing Throttle Acc Step (Control) makes response feel faster, but creates current spikes that add heat and stress without increasing sustained torque

Real-world behavior:

  • High torque + high power -> fastest acceleration, but maximum thermal load
  • High power + low voltage -> severe sag, weak top-end performance
  • High weakening + high current -> unstable high-speed behavior
  • High throttle response + high phase current -> sharp feel, but inefficient and heat-heavy

Limits follow a consistent pattern:

Increase -> Gain -> Tradeoff -> Limitation

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Do not increase MaxPhaseCurr and MaxLineCurr simultaneously without monitoring motor and controller temperature
  • If acceleration is strong but weakens at speed, increase MaxLineCurr before increasing MaxPhaseCurr
  • If the system becomes unstable at high RPM, reduce WeakCurrCoeff or weakening response before adjusting current limits
  • If throttle feels aggressive but inefficient, reduce Throttle Acc Step before lowering current values
  • On QS motors, excessive phase current produces diminishing returns quickly and converts directly into heat rather than usable torque

SIMPLE MODE SCREEN

SystemRoleUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
Base ParametersDefines baseline system behaviorControls direction, voltage scaling, low-speed responseMotor Direction / Protection / ThrottleStable vs unstable base operationMisconfiguration issues
Three Speed SystemScales torque and speed per gearLimits or allows current and RPMMaxPhaseCurr / LimitSpeedAdjustable performance modesWeak output or overheating
Functions (Simple)Controls logic and safety featuresEnables/disables system behaviorsRegen / Throttle / Safety inputsConvenience and stability featuresUnsafe or inconsistent behavior

Core behavior:

  • SIMPLE MODE provides high-level control over system behavior without modifying deep controller logic
  • It defines how the system behaves at a functional level: direction, low-speed response, gear scaling, and feature control
  • It does not directly define peak performance limits, but it strongly influences usability and ride feel

Interaction layer:

  • Base Parameters set foundational behavior that all other systems depend on
  • Three Speed settings scale the output defined in PRO NBLE (current and speed limits)
  • Functions modify how and when systems activate, including regen, safety, and external inputs
  • All SIMPLE MODE parameters act as modifiers on the deeper PRO NBLE configuration

Real-world behavior:

  • Proper configuration -> predictable throttle, stable braking, and controllable power delivery
  • Gear system -> allows quick adjustment between low, mid, and high performance modes
  • Functions -> enable or disable features depending on riding conditions and preferences
  • Misconfiguration -> noticeable immediately in throttle feel, braking, or system behavior

Limits and failure modes:

  • SIMPLE MODE cannot override incorrect PRO NBLE configuration
  • Incorrect base parameters -> unstable or unusable system behavior
  • Improper gear scaling -> inefficient performance or excessive heat
  • Disabled or misused functions -> reduced safety or unexpected behavior

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Configure SIMPLE MODE first to establish stable baseline behavior before tuning PRO NBLE
  • Use gear scaling to manage usable performance without changing core current limits
  • Keep base parameters aligned with actual hardware (voltage, direction) at all times
  • Enable only necessary functions - avoid unnecessary system complexity
  • Treat SIMPLE MODE as the user-facing control layer and PRO NBLE as the performance layer

BASE PARAMETERS

ParameterExplanationPrimary EffectInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
Motor Reverse DirectionReverses motor rotationDirection onlyMotor DirectionNormal or reversed throttle feelIncorrect rotation
Rated VoltageSets system voltage scalingProtection accuracyLowVolProtect / OverVolProtectStable vs unstable cutoff behaviorCutouts / over-discharge
Low Power Control Mode (11-SOP)Defines low-load throttle behaviorLow-speed current controlThrottleResponse / ECOAccCoeffSmooth vs jerky low-speed ridingDull or inconsistent response
Energy Feedback (EABS Mode)Sets regen preset strengthBraking currentMaxBackCurrLight to aggressive braking feelWheel slip / instability

Core behavior:

  • These parameters define baseline system behavior before any high-power tuning is applied
  • They do not directly increase performance, but they control how the system responds at low load and during transitions

Interaction layer:

  • Motor Reverse Direction must match Motor Direction or throttle behavior becomes inverted
  • Rated Voltage directly affects all protection thresholds and voltage-based calculations
  • Low Power Control Mode shapes how throttle inputs translate into current at low speed
  • Energy Feedback interacts with MaxBackCurr and regen tables to define total braking force

Real-world behavior:

  • Incorrect direction settings -> immediate unusable throttle behavior
  • Incorrect voltage -> random cutouts or battery stress under load
  • Poor low power mode tuning -> jerky launches or overly soft response
  • Aggressive regen -> strong braking but increased risk of rear wheel slip

Limits and failure modes:

  • Motor Reverse Direction has no performance gain, only correct/incorrect states
  • Rated Voltage outside actual pack voltage -> protection system failure
  • Low Power Control Mode too low -> unresponsive throttle
  • Energy Feedback too high -> instability under braking

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Set Motor Reverse Direction correctly first before any other tuning
  • Always match Rated Voltage to actual system voltage to avoid protection errors
  • Use 11-SOP for balanced ONYX behavior; adjust only if low-speed control is problematic
  • Increase Energy Feedback gradually and validate stability under braking, especially on QS motors
  • Do not attempt to compensate poor throttle behavior with high current - fix Low Power Control Mode first

CONFIGURATION VALUES

ParameterSet ValueSystem RoleInteractionReal-World BehaviorRisk
Motor Reverse DirectionEnabled OnDirection controlMotor DirectionCorrect forward throttle responseReversed throttle if mismatched
Rated Voltage72VVoltage scalingProtection systemStable cutoff and power calculationCutouts or over-discharge if incorrect
Low Power Control Mode11-SOPLow-speed controlThrottleResponse / ECOAccCoeffSmooth, predictable low-speed throttleJerky or dull response if misconfigured
Energy FeedbackEABS Mode MediumRegen baselineMaxBackCurrBalanced braking feelSlip if increased too high

Core behavior:

  • These values define the baseline operating state of the controller before load or tuning changes are applied
  • They establish how the system behaves at startup, low throttle, and during braking

Interaction layer:

  • Motor Reverse Direction must align with Motor Direction to maintain correct throttle orientation
  • Rated Voltage determines how all voltage-based protections behave under load and regen
  • Low Power Control Mode directly influences how throttle input converts into current at low speed
  • Energy Feedback sets the baseline regen level, which is then scaled by MaxBackCurr and regen mapping

Real-world behavior:

  • Correct configuration -> predictable throttle, stable braking, and consistent protection behavior
  • Incorrect direction -> immediate throttle inversion
  • Incorrect voltage -> unstable cutoffs or battery stress under acceleration or regen
  • Medium EABS -> controlled braking suitable for street riding without excessive slip

Limits and failure modes:

  • Direction mismatch -> unusable throttle control
  • Voltage mismatch -> protection system malfunction
  • Low Power Mode too aggressive -> jerky launches
  • High regen settings -> rear wheel instability under braking

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Verify Motor Reverse Direction and Motor Direction alignment before any tuning
  • Always match Rated Voltage to the actual battery (72V system) to ensure correct protection behavior
  • Use 11-SOP as a stable baseline for QS motor control; only adjust if low-speed response is problematic
  • Keep EABS at Medium for balanced ONYX street riding; increase only if additional braking force is required and traction allows
  • Do not attempt to fix low-speed behavior with current or throttle tuning - correct Low Power Control Mode first

Motor Reverse Direction

ParameterFunctionUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
Motor Reverse DirectionReverses motor rotation electronicallyNo impact on power or efficiencyMotor DirectionCorrect or reversed throttle orientationInverted throttle control

Core behavior:

  • This parameter strictly controls motor rotation direction and does not influence torque, power, or efficiency
  • It operates at the control logic level, flipping phase sequence electronically

Interaction layer:

  • Directly linked to Motor Direction in Pro NBLE settings
  • Both parameters must align to ensure correct rotational output
  • Does not interact with current, voltage, or performance tuning systems

Real-world behavior:

  • Correct setting -> normal throttle response and expected forward motion
  • Incorrect setting -> throttle input results in reversed wheel direction
  • No change in acceleration, speed, or thermal behavior

Limits and failure modes:

  • No performance benefit from adjustment
  • Only valid states are correct or incorrect
  • Misconfiguration results in unusable throttle behavior

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Set Motor Reverse Direction correctly before any other configuration or tuning
  • If throttle direction is reversed, correct this parameter instead of adjusting wiring or other settings
  • Always verify alignment with Motor Direction after controller or firmware changes
  • Do not attempt to compensate for incorrect direction using any performance parameters

Rated Voltage

ParameterFunctionUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
Rated VoltageSets system voltage scaling for all calculations and protectionsDetermines when voltage limits trigger under sag or regenLowVolProtect / OverVolProtectStable vs unstable cutoff behaviorPremature cutouts or over-discharge

Core behavior:

  • Rated Voltage defines how the controller interprets battery voltage across all systems
  • It does not change actual power, but it scales protection thresholds and internal calculations

Interaction layer:

  • Directly linked to LowVolProtect and OverVolProtect thresholds
  • Affects how the controller reacts to voltage sag under load and voltage rise during regen
  • Influences battery protection behavior across all operating conditions

Real-world behavior:

  • Correct value -> predictable cutoff behavior and stable operation under load
  • Too low -> premature low-voltage cutoffs during acceleration
  • Too high -> battery over-discharge risk and delayed protection response
  • Under regen -> incorrect value can trigger unexpected over-voltage cutouts

Limits and failure modes:

  • Does not increase performance when raised or lowered
  • Incorrect value leads to protection system misbehavior
  • Mismatch between actual battery voltage and Rated Voltage causes instability under load and braking

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Always match Rated Voltage to the actual battery system (72V, 84V, or 96V)
  • Do not use Rated Voltage as a tuning parameter - it is a system definition value
  • If experiencing random cutouts under load, verify Rated Voltage before adjusting current limits
  • If regen causes unexpected shutdowns, confirm Rated Voltage alignment with OverVolProtect settings

Low Power Control Mode

ParameterFunctionUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
Low Power Control Mode (11-SOP)Defines low-throttle current mappingControls how smoothly current is applied at low loadThrottleResponse / ECOAccCoeffSmooth vs jerky low-speed controlDull response or unstable throttle

Core behavior:

  • This parameter controls how throttle input is translated into current at low speeds and low load conditions
  • It shapes the initial response curve before high-current systems dominate behavior

Interaction layer:

  • Works with ThrottleResponse to define overall throttle feel
  • Interacts with ECOAccCoeff to scale acceleration in low-power or ECO conditions
  • Influences how quickly phase current begins ramping from zero

Real-world behavior:

  • Proper setting -> smooth launches, predictable throttle, easy low-speed control
  • Too aggressive -> jerky starts, difficult modulation in traffic or tight maneuvers
  • Too soft -> delayed response, weak initial acceleration feel

Limits and failure modes:

  • Does not increase peak power or torque
  • Only affects low-speed and low-throttle behavior
  • Incorrect configuration leads to poor rideability, not performance gain or loss

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Use 11-SOP as the baseline for QS motor setups on ONYX builds
  • If launches feel jerky, reduce aggressiveness here before adjusting Throttle Acc Step
  • If throttle feels unresponsive at low speed, adjust this before increasing current limits
  • Do not attempt to fix low-speed behavior with MaxPhaseCurr - correct this parameter first
  • Fine-tune in combination with ThrottleResponse for balanced control

Energy Feedback (EABS)

Energy Feedback, MaxBackCurr, brake-input logic, and battery charge acceptance govern electrical deceleration. Mechanical brakes remain necessary. See FarDriver Regenerative Braking and Full-Battery Cutouts for the complete EABS explanation and reference tables.

Riding Modes and RPM Scaling

MaxPhaseCurr sets the phase-current ceiling; MaxLineCurr sets the battery-current ceiling. Riding-mode ratios and RPM-dependent scaling modify those limits together with speed and weakening behavior. For the complete tables, mode interactions, and thermal/traction tradeoffs, see FarDriver Ratio In Speed and Gear Ratios.

FUNCTIONS (SIMPLE)

FunctionBehaviorSystem EffectInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
CruiseHolds throttleMaintains constant outputThrottle systemSteady speed without inputLoss of control if misused
P FunctionLocks motorPrevents rotationMotor controlAnti-roll / parking stabilityCannot move when engaged
Auto Return PAuto-lock after idleEngages P automaticallyP FunctionConvenience + safetyUnexpected lock if misconfigured
RE FunctionEnables regenActivates braking currentEnergy Feedback / MaxBackCurrDeceleration without brakesCutout if over-voltage
TCS FunctionLimits torque spikesReduces sudden currentMaxPhaseCurr / Throttle Acc StepPrevents wheel spinReduced acceleration if too aggressive

Core behavior:

  • These functions do not increase performance, but control system behavior, safety, and ride stability
  • They operate as logic-level features that modify how and when current is applied or restricted

Interaction layer:

  • Cruise holds throttle output, interacting directly with throttle mapping and current delivery
  • P Function overrides motor output entirely, locking rotation regardless of throttle input
  • Auto Return P depends on P Function timing and system idle detection
  • RE Function enables regen behavior, interacting with Energy Feedback and MaxBackCurr
  • TCS Function limits rapid torque spikes by controlling how quickly current is applied

Real-world behavior:

  • Cruise -> maintains speed but removes active throttle control
  • P Function -> prevents rolling on inclines or during parking
  • Auto Return P -> adds safety but may engage unexpectedly if timing is too short
  • RE Function -> allows regenerative braking, reducing reliance on mechanical brakes
  • TCS Function -> improves traction, especially on high-power QS setups

Limits and failure modes:

  • Cruise misuse -> unsafe if road conditions change
  • P Function engaged while moving -> abrupt stop or system conflict
  • Auto Return P misconfigured -> unexpected lock behavior
  • High regen with RE -> potential over-voltage cutout
  • TCS too aggressive -> reduced performance and delayed response

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Leave Cruise disabled unless specifically needed for steady-speed riding
  • Use P Function for parking stability, especially on inclines
  • Disable Auto Return P unless required - can interfere with normal operation
  • Keep RE enabled for normal ONYX setups, but balance with regen limits to avoid cutouts
  • Use TCS on high-power builds (QS260/QS273) to reduce wheel spin; disable for maximum raw performance

CONFIGURATION VALUES

ParameterSet ValueSystem EffectInteractionReal-World BehaviorRisk
Cruise FunctionOffDisables throttle holdThrottle systemFull manual controlNone
P FunctionOffDisables motor lockMotor controlFree movement when stoppedRoll risk on incline
Auto Return to P FunctionOffDisables auto-lockP FunctionNo unexpected lockingReduced safety automation
High Speed Push ACCDiscover PIN3External accel inputThrottle / IOOptional external controlMisfire if miswired
Low Speed Push DECDiscover PIN2External decel inputRegen / IOOptional braking assistMisfire if miswired
RE FunctionOnEnables regen systemEnergy Feedback / MaxBackCurrControlled decelerationOver-voltage if excessive
Seat FunctionOffDisables seat safetySafety logicNo seat-based cutoffReduced safety
Assist Roll FunctionOffDisables low-speed assistMotor controlNo assisted movementNone
Side Stand FunctionOffDisables stand cutoffSafety logicMotor active with stand downSafety risk
Gear Remember FunctionOffDoes not store gearGear systemDefaults each startupMinor inconvenience
Park FunctionOffDisables park logicP FunctionNo electronic lockRoll risk
TCS FunctionAsphalt RoadEnables traction controlMaxPhaseCurr / ThrottleReduced wheel spinReduced peak response

Core behavior:

  • These values define how auxiliary systems, safety logic, and external inputs behave in the controller
  • They do not directly increase performance, but significantly affect usability, safety, and ride control

Interaction layer:

  • Cruise, ACC, and DEC inputs interact with throttle and current delivery systems
  • RE Function enables regen, interacting with Energy Feedback and MaxBackCurr
  • P Function and Park logic override motor output regardless of throttle
  • TCS modifies how quickly torque is applied, interacting with phase current and throttle response
  • Safety-related functions (Seat, Side Stand) can interrupt motor operation based on external conditions

Real-world behavior:

  • Most functions disabled -> direct, manual control with minimal interference
  • RE enabled -> predictable regenerative braking
  • TCS (Asphalt) -> improved traction on high-power setups
  • Disabled safety features -> fewer interruptions, but increased rider responsibility

Limits and failure modes:

  • Disabled safety systems -> increased risk during operation (stand down, no seat detection)
  • Incorrect pin mapping -> unintended acceleration or braking inputs
  • Regen enabled with high settings -> possible over-voltage cutouts
  • TCS active -> smoother output but reduced aggressive response

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Keep RE Function enabled for standard ONYX riding; tune regen strength separately
  • Use TCS (Asphalt) on high-power QS builds to manage traction; disable only for maximum raw output
  • Leave Cruise, Auto Return P, and Park disabled unless specifically required
  • Verify all external pin mappings (ACC/DEC) before enabling to avoid unintended inputs
  • Only disable safety features (Side Stand, Seat) if fully understood - these remove protection layers

PRO NBLE SCREEN

SystemRoleUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
Motor DefinitionDefines motor characteristicsControls commutation accuracyAngleDetect / PolePairs / PhaseOffsetSmooth vs unstable operationStutter / misfire
Power ControlDefines current limitsGoverns torque and power deliveryMaxPhaseCurr / MaxLineCurrAcceleration and pull strengthOverheating / cutouts
Throttle SystemControls input responseShapes current rampThrottleResponse / Acc/Dec StepSmooth vs aggressive throttleHeat / inefficiency
Speed ControlLimits RPMCaps maximum speedMaxSpeed / WeakeningTop speed behaviorInstability
Protection SystemPrevents damageTriggers limits under stressVoltage / Temp protectionsSafe vs interrupted operationShutdowns

Core behavior:

  • PRO NBLE defines the full control system of the controller, including motor definition, current delivery, throttle behavior, and protection logic
  • Unlike Simple Mode, these parameters directly control how the system behaves under load and determine overall performance

Interaction layer:

  • Motor definition parameters (AngleDetect, PolePairs, PhaseOffset) determine whether the system operates correctly at all
  • Power system (MaxPhaseCurr / MaxLineCurr) defines torque and total power, interacting with thermal limits
  • Throttle system controls how quickly current is applied, interacting with both torque and heat generation
  • Speed and weakening systems extend RPM but reduce efficiency and stability
  • Protection systems override all others when limits are exceeded

Real-world behavior:

  • Correct configuration -> smooth, powerful, and stable operation across all speeds
  • High current + aggressive throttle -> strong performance but rapid heat buildup
  • High weakening -> increased top speed with reduced pull and stability
  • Protection triggers -> sudden power reduction or shutdown under extreme conditions

Limits and failure modes:

  • Incorrect motor definition -> no operation or severe instability
  • Excessive current -> heat saturation and motor/controller damage
  • Aggressive throttle + high current -> inefficient, high-stress system
  • Weakening pushed too far -> oscillation and loss of control at speed
  • Protection thresholds reached -> cutouts or forced power reduction

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Verify motor definition parameters first - incorrect values will invalidate all other tuning
  • Set MaxPhaseCurr and MaxLineCurr within safe thermal limits for QS motors before adjusting throttle or speed
  • Tune throttle response after current limits are stable to avoid unnecessary heat
  • Use weakening conservatively - ONYX builds prioritize usable power over peak speed
  • Do not bypass or ignore protection systems - frequent triggering indicates improper tuning

PARAMETERS (FULL LIST)

ParameterValueSystem RoleUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
AngleDetect0-120°HallHall sensor typeDefines commutation accuracyMotor DefinitionSmooth vs unstable rotationNo operation / stutter
TempSensor5-KTY83-122Temperature sensingEnables thermal protectionProtection SystemStable thermal monitoringNo protection
PhaseOffset209Timing alignmentAffects efficiency and heatMotor Definition / LD-LQSmooth vs rough operationHeat / inefficiency
PolePairs16Motor structureDefines RPM calculationSpeed SystemAccurate speed displayInstability
Motor Direction1Rotation logicControls directionMotor Reverse DirectionCorrect forward motionReversed operation
RatedSpeed922RPMReference speedInternal scalingSpeed SystemNeutralNone
Rated Voltage72VVoltage referenceProtection scalingProtection SystemStable operationCutouts / over-discharge
RatedPower22680WPower referenceInformational scalingInternalNeutralNone
MaxSpeed2800RPMRPM limitCaps speedWeakeningTop speed limitInstability if too high
BackSpeed100RPMReverse limitCaps reverse speedMotor DirectionSafe reverseToo slow/fast reverse
MaxLineCurr330ABattery currentControls power drawVoltage / SagHigh-speed pullCutouts / sag
MaxPhaseCurr680ATorque currentControls torque outputRatioInSpeed / GearStrong accelerationOverheating
ThrottleResponse1-SportThrottle curveShapes input responseAcc/Dec StepAggressive feelJerky response
Throttle Acc Step65Current ramp rateControls spike rateThrottleResponseResponsive throttleHeat / stress
BoostLineCurr330ABoost powerTemporary current increaseBoost systemShort burst powerHeat spike
BoostPhaseCurr680ABoost torqueTemporary torque increaseBoost systemHard acceleration burstThermal stress
PhaseExchangeNo ExchangePhase mappingCorrects wiringMotor DefinitionProper operationMisfire if wrong
ECOAccCoeff8ECO scalingReduces accelerationThrottle systemSofter responseToo weak
Weak Character0-FastWeakening entrySpeed extensionWeakeningFaster top speed entryInstability
WeakResponse0Weakening responseStability controlWeakeningSmooth vs oscillationOscillation
WeakCurrCoeff100Weakening strengthExtends speedWeakeningHigher top speedHeat / inefficiency
Throttle Dec Step90Current decayControls slowdownThrottle systemSmooth vs abruptHarsh braking feel
Release Throttle0Coast/regen logicDefines decel modeRegen systemCoasting behaviorAbrupt transitions
Throttle Low0.6VMin voltageInput calibrationThrottle systemProper idleDead zone
Throttle High4.35VMax voltageInput calibrationThrottle systemFull range controlLimited throttle

Core behavior:

  • These parameters define the complete controller behavior including motor definition, current limits, throttle response, speed limits, and weakening
  • They operate together as a unified control system where each parameter influences overall performance, efficiency, and stability
  • The RatedPower value does not limit real output. It tells the controller how to interpret motor strength, torque modeling, and thermal assumptions. It affects internal calculations, not power caps.

Throttle Voltage Cutout Check

Throttle Low and Throttle High are calibration values. If power drops at a specific throttle position, stop and verify the measured signal against the configured bounds before changing current, weakening, or PID. See FarDriver Throttle Calibration and Cutout Diagnostics.

The following relationships continue the full parameter-list discussion.

Interaction layer:

  • Motor definition parameters (AngleDetect, PolePairs, PhaseOffset) must be correct for any operation to function properly
  • Current system (MaxPhaseCurr / MaxLineCurr) defines torque and power, interacting with heat and voltage sag
  • Throttle system (Response, Acc/Dec Step) controls how quickly current is applied and removed
  • Weakening system extends speed but reduces efficiency and increases instability
  • Protection and calibration parameters ensure safe and accurate operation

Real-world behavior:

  • Correct configuration -> smooth, powerful, predictable performance
  • High phase current -> strong acceleration but rapid heat buildup
  • High line current -> better high-speed pull but increased voltage sag
  • Aggressive throttle settings -> sharp response but inefficient and heat-heavy
  • Weakening -> increased top speed but reduced torque and stability

Limits and failure modes:

  • Incorrect motor definition -> no operation or unstable behavior
  • Excessive current -> thermal overload and component stress
  • Aggressive throttle + high current -> inefficient system with high heat
  • Weakening pushed too far -> instability at speed
  • Incorrect calibration -> poor throttle response or dead zones

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Verify motor definition parameters first - these are non-negotiable for stable operation
  • Set MaxPhaseCurr based on QS motor thermal limits before increasing MaxLineCurr
  • Increase MaxLineCurr only after phase current is stable to improve high-speed performance
  • Keep Throttle Acc Step below aggressive thresholds (~140) to avoid unnecessary heat
  • Use weakening conservatively - ONYX builds favor usable power over peak speed
  • Always validate throttle calibration (0.6V-4.35V) before tuning response parameters

Regen and Battery Protection

Regen returns energy to the battery and can cause a voltage-protection event near full charge. Confirm battery charge acceptance and mechanical braking before testing. The detailed current and RPM reference is in FarDriver Regenerative Braking and Full-Battery Cutouts.

FUNCTIONS (ADVANCED)

ParameterValueSystem RoleUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
Boost Pin13-InvalidBoost trigger inputActivates boost modeBoost CurrentsTemporary power increaseMisfire if miswired
Cruise Pin8-PIN17Cruise control inputHolds throttle signalThrottle systemConstant speedUnsafe if unintended
SideStand Pin13-InvalidSafety inputDisables motorSafety logicPrevents riding with stand downDisabled safety
Pause Pin0-NCControl inputPauses systemLogic systemNeutralNo effect
Forward Pin13-InvalidDirection inputEnables forward motionMotor DirectionNormal operationConflict if misused
Backward Pin4-PIN8Reverse inputEnables reverse modeBackSpeedControlled reverseUnexpected reverse
Highspeed Pin2-PIN3Gear inputActivates high gearGear systemFull performanceHigh stress
LowSpeed Pin1-PIN2Gear inputActivates low gearGear systemReduced powerLimited speed
Charge Pin13-InvalidCharging logicDetects charging stateProtectionSafe chargingMis-detection
Anti-theft Pin6-PIN14Security inputLocks systemAnti-theft logicTheft preventionLockout
Seat Pin13-InvalidSafety inputDisables motorSafety logicRider detectionDisabled safety
SpeedLimit Pin13-InvalidSpeed limiterCaps speedLimitSpeedReduced speedOver-restriction
Switch Voltage Pin13-InvalidPower inputControls system stateVoltage systemOn/off behaviorPower issues
Repair Pin13-InvalidService modeEnables diagnosticsFirmwareMaintenance accessMisuse
ParameterValueSystem RoleUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
BoostTime45sBoost durationLimits boost timeBoost systemTimed power burstOverheat if abused
BoostRelease90sCooldown timePrevents re-triggerBoost systemControlled usageDelay frustration
HighLowSpeed11-Line3SpeedGear logicDefines gear switchingGear ratiosMulti-speed controlMisconfiguration
Puse RE0-InvalidRegen logicControls regen stateRegen systemNeutralNo regen
EmptyRun0No-load logicMotor free spinThrottle systemTesting behaviorUnsafe spin
SlowDown3Deceleration logicControls slowdown rateThrottle DecSmooth decelAbrupt if wrong
Gear1-Default DDefault gearStartup gear stateGear systemPredictable startWrong gear start
Brake0-StopWhenGroundBrake logicStops on brake inputRegen / SafetyImmediate stopHarsh cutoff
PC130-NomalResponseInput behaviorSignal response typeControl logicNormal responseMisinterpretation
Park2-DisabledPark modeMotor lockP FunctionNo lockRoll risk
Follow2-EABSWhenBrakeRegen followRegen with brakeEABSSmooth brakingWeak/strong regen

Core behavior:

  • Advanced Functions define hardware-level control logic and input mapping
  • These parameters determine how external signals (pins) interact with controller behavior
  • They act as the bridge between physical inputs and internal control systems

Core principle:

Physical Input -> Logic Mapping -> System Behavior

Interaction layer:

  • Pin mappings directly control:
    • Gear selection (High/Low speed pins)
    • Direction (Forward/Backward)
    • Safety systems (Seat, SideStand, Anti-theft)
  • Boost system interacts with BoostLineCurr and BoostPhaseCurr
  • Brake and Follow interact with regen system (EABS, MaxBackCurr)
  • Gear logic ties into Ratio In Gears and overall power scaling

Real-world behavior:

  • Proper configuration -> predictable control and safe operation

  • Gear pins -> instant switching between performance modes

  • Boost -> temporary high power when triggered

  • Safety pins -> prevent unsafe operation (stand, seat, theft)

  • Misconfiguration results in:

    • Unexpected behavior (reverse, throttle lock, no response)
    • Disabled safety systems
    • Incorrect gear or boost activation

Limits and failure modes:

  • Incorrect pin mapping -> non-functional or dangerous behavior
  • Disabled safety inputs -> increased risk during operation
  • Boost misuse -> thermal overload
  • Brake misconfiguration -> harsh cutoff or lack of regen

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Only enable pins that are physically wired and verified
  • Keep unused pins set to Invalid to avoid unintended behavior
  • Verify gear pins match actual switch wiring before riding
  • Use Boost conservatively - ONYX setups already run high current
  • Ensure brake + regen (Follow = EABSWhenBrake) is properly configured for smooth deceleration
  • Do not disable safety-related pins unless intentionally modifying system behavior

Measurement and Display Accuracy

Display scaling changes reported speed or distance; fixed calibration constants also affect measurements used by protection and control. These are separate from performance tuning. Preserve hardware calibration and use FarDriver Display Settings and Telemetry Accuracy when investigating a mismatch.

PROTECT

ParameterValueSystem RoleUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
OverVolProtect91.1VOver-voltage limitCuts power on high voltageRegen / BatteryPrevents overchargeSudden cutout
OverVolRestore89.6VRecovery thresholdRestores after voltage dropsRegenSmooth recoveryOscillation if close
LowVolProtect58VLow-voltage cutoffLimits dischargeBattery / LoadPrevents over-dischargePower loss
LowVolRestore60VRecovery thresholdRestores after voltage riseBatteryNormal operation resumesCycling
MotorTempProtect160°CMotor thermal limitReduces/halts outputPhase currentPrevents motor damageThermal shutdown
MotorTempRestore140°CRecovery tempRestores operationMotor tempSafe restartDelay
ControllerTempProtect100°CController limitReduces outputCurrent systemProtects controllerPower reduction
ControllerTempRestore80°CRecovery tempRestores outputController tempStable recoveryDelay
O BattCoeff896Battery scalingSOC/voltage modelingBattery systemAccurate estimationMisread
Full BattCoeff1250Full charge scalingSOC calibrationBattery systemAccurate full stateMisread
ThrottleLost0-InvalSafety logicDetects throttle faultThrottle systemPrevents runawayDisabled safety
ThrottleInsert256Input detectionValidates throttle signalThrottle systemStable inputMisread
BackP_Time18-240sReverse timingLimits reverse durationBackSpeedSafe reverse useLockout
ReleaseToSeat2sSafety delayRequires seat signalSeat inputPrevents unintended accelDelay
BlockTime50sFault blockLocks system after faultProtection logicPrevents repeated faultsDowntime
ParkTime10sPark delayEngages park after idlePark systemAnti-rollUnexpected lock
LmtSpdStartCap0Speed cap startLimits accelerationSpeed systemControlled startWeak launch
LmtSpdMinCap0Min capLower bound limitSpeed systemNeutralRestriction
LmtSpdMaxCoeff128Speed scalingCaps max speedLimitSpeedControlled top speedReduced performance
TurtleSpeedCurrCoeff53Limp mode currentReduces power in faultCurrent systemReduced performance modeVery weak output
BattSignal3-Lithium BatteryBattery typeDefines battery modelProtection systemCorrect behaviorMis-scaling
LowVol Way11-SOPLow voltage logicDefines cutoff behaviorVoltage systemStable cutoffErratic cutoff
IntRes32Internal resistanceModels voltage sagCurrent / VoltageAccurate sag responseMisbehavior
TempCoeff300Temp scalingAdjusts temp readingsThermal systemAccurate protectionMisread temps

Core behavior:

  • Protection system defines hard safety limits for voltage, temperature, current behavior, and system faults
  • These parameters override all performance settings when thresholds are exceeded
  • The system continuously monitors conditions and intervenes to prevent damage

Core principle:

If Limit Exceeded -> Reduce Power or Shutdown

Interaction layer:

  • Voltage protection interacts heavily with regen (OverVolProtect) and load (LowVolProtect)
  • Temperature protection interacts with MaxPhaseCurr and sustained load
  • IntRes influences voltage sag modeling, affecting low-voltage cutoffs under load
  • Throttle and safety inputs prevent unintended acceleration or faults
  • Turtle mode reduces current when faults or limits are approached

Real-world behavior:

  • High load -> voltage sag -> potential low-voltage cutoff

  • Strong regen -> voltage spike -> possible over-voltage cutout

  • Sustained acceleration -> heat buildup -> thermal limiting

  • Fault conditions -> system enters reduced power (turtle mode) or shuts down

  • Riders experience:

    • Sudden power loss under extreme load
    • Reduced performance when hot
    • Cutouts during aggressive regen on full battery

Limits and failure modes:

  • Overly aggressive limits -> frequent cutouts and poor usability
  • Too loose limits -> risk of motor, controller, or battery damage
  • Incorrect IntRes -> inaccurate sag prediction -> unexpected cutoffs
  • Disabled safety (ThrottleLost, etc.) -> unsafe operation

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Set voltage limits based on actual battery pack (72V nominal -> align cutoffs accordingly)
  • Ensure OverVolProtect accounts for regen spikes on full charge
  • Keep thermal limits conservative - QS motors generate high heat under load
  • Adjust IntRes to match real battery behavior for accurate sag modeling
  • Do not disable safety features unless fully understood
  • If experiencing cutouts:
    • Check voltage sag (LowVolProtect)
    • Check regen spikes (OverVolProtect)
    • Check thermal limits before increasing current

PID PARAS

ParameterValueSystem RoleUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
AN0Control mode flagDefines control behaviorInternal logicNeutralMisconfiguration
LM22en-USLanguage/regionUI/firmware settingDisplay systemNeutralNone
StartKl4Start integral gainControls low-speed stabilityStartKP / Phase currentSmooth vs weak launchStall / jerk
StartKP0Start proportional gainInitial torque responseStartKlSoft initial engagementSluggish start
MidK18Mid-range gainControls mid-speed responseMidKPBalanced accelerationOscillation
MidKP80Mid proportional gainDefines mid-range torque controlMidK1Strong mid pullInstability
MaxKl12High-speed integral gainControls stability at high loadMaxKPSustained outputDrift / instability
MaxKP120High proportional gainHigh-speed torque controlMaxKlStrong responseOscillation
SpeedKl9Speed loop integralControls speed stabilitySpeedKPSmooth speed holdingHunting
SpeedKP10Speed loop proportionalSpeed response sensitivitySpeedKlStable speedOscillation
MOE0-EnableMotor output enableEnables controller outputAll systemsNormal operationNo output
CurveTime100msResponse smoothingTime-based ramp controlThrottle / PIDSmooth transitionsLag or jerk

Core behavior:

  • PID parameters define how the controller responds to error between target and actual motor behavior
  • They control stability, smoothness, and responsiveness across different operating regions
  • The system uses multiple PID layers:
    • Start (low speed)
    • Mid (normal operation)
    • Max (high load/high speed)
    • Speed loop (RPM control)

Core principle:

Error -> PID Correction -> Adjust Current

Interaction layer:

  • PID directly controls how MaxPhaseCurr is applied over time
  • Interacts with:
    • Throttle system (input demand)
    • Ratio In Speed (available torque)
    • Motor definition (stability baseline)
  • Poor PID tuning amplifies instability from aggressive current or weakening settings

Real-world behavior:

  • Low gains -> smooth but sluggish response

  • Balanced gains -> stable, responsive acceleration

  • High gains -> aggressive response but risk of oscillation

  • Riders experience:

    • Proper tuning -> smooth, controlled power delivery
    • Poor tuning -> jerky throttle, surging, or unstable speed holding

Limits and failure modes:

  • Too high KP -> oscillation, vibration, unstable throttle
  • Too high KI -> slow drift or overshoot
  • Too low values -> weak response, delayed acceleration
  • Mismatched PID zones -> inconsistent feel across speed ranges

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Leave PID close to known stable values unless necessary - this is not a primary tuning layer
  • Adjust only after current, throttle, and ratio systems are correctly configured
  • Focus on:
    • StartKl / StartKP -> launch feel
    • MidKP -> main riding response
    • MaxKP -> high-speed stability
  • Avoid increasing gains to compensate for weak torque - fix current settings instead
  • If experiencing oscillation, reduce KP values before changing other systems

PRODUCT

ParameterValueSystem RoleUnder Load BehaviorInteractionReal-World BehaviorFailure Mode
ReCurrRatio128Regen current scalingAdjusts regen strengthMaxBackCurrStronger/weaker brakingSlip / weak regen
FwReRatio80Forward/regen balanceBlends drive vs regenRegen systemSmooth transitionsAbrupt feel
VolSelectRatio106Voltage scalingAdjusts voltage responseProtection / PowerStable voltage behaviorMis-scaling
WeakCurrCoeff100Weakening strengthControls high-speed behaviorWeakening systemHigher top speedHeat / instability
Re Acc64sRegen rampControls regen buildupRegen systemSmooth braking rampAbrupt regen
AlarmDelay500Alert timingDelay before warningsProtectionStable alertsLate warning
RelayDelay16416msRelay timingControls power relay delayPower systemSmooth startup/shutdownDelay issues
RelayOut0Relay outputControls relay behaviorPower systemNeutralMisfire
BCEnable0Battery commsEnables battery commCAN / BatteryDisabledNo comms
SeatEnable0Seat safetyEnables seat logicSafety systemDisabledUnsafe
PEnable0Park enableEnables park modePark systemDisabledRoll risk
AutoBackPEnable0Auto parkAuto engage parkPark systemDisabledNo auto lock
CruiseEnable0Cruise controlEnables cruiseThrottle systemDisabledNone
EABSEnable1Regen brakingEnables EABSRegen systemActive regenNo regen if off
PushEnable0Push assistEnables assist modeThrottleDisabledNone
ForseAntiTheft0Anti-theft forceLocks systemSecurityDisabledTheft risk
OverSpeedAlarm0Speed warningAlerts on overspeedSpeed systemNo alertNo warning
BrakeStillPark0Brake logicPark on brakeSafetyDisabledRoll risk
RememberGear0Gear memoryStores last gearGear systemResets each startInconvenience
BackEnable1Reverse enableAllows reverseBackSpeedReverse activeNo reverse if off
RelayDelay1S0Relay timingAdditional delayPower systemNeutralTiming issues
SpeedSwitch0-InvalidSpeed inputExternal speed controlSpeed systemDisabledNo control
StartIs512Start currentInitial current behaviorCurrent systemLaunch feelWeak/harsh start
FollowSpeed0rpmFollow modeSpeed followingControl logicDisabledNone
Curr-Anti-theft0-InvalidAnti-theft currentSecurity behaviorAnti-theftDisabledNone
Anti-theft Pulse0-InvalidPulse securitySignal-based lockAnti-theftDisabledNone
Temp 700Temp logicTemp threshold logicProtectionNeutralNone
Fast RE0Fast regenQuick regen responseRegen systemDisabledHarsh if enabled
InverseTime36Timing logicResponse inversionControl systemStable timingMisbehavior
SlowDownRpm512Decel RPMControls slowdown zoneThrottle / RegenSmooth decelAbrupt
SlowDownCoeff10Decel scalingControls decel strengthThrottle systemControlled slowdownHarsh
RXD0-AFComm configData receive modeCommunicationStableErrors
LearnThrottle24Throttle learningCalibration behaviorThrottle systemAccurate inputMiscalibration
LearnVolLow18432Throttle minCalibrationThrottleCorrect idleDead zone
LearnVolHigh24320Throttle maxCalibrationThrottleFull rangeLimited input
DeepWeak0-NormalWeakening modeExtends speed behaviorWeakeningNormal operationInstability if high
Protocol4850Comm protocolRS485 configExternal systemsDisabledNo comms

Core behavior:

  • Product parameters define firmware-level features, toggles, and secondary behaviors
  • They act as a feature control layer, enabling or disabling subsystems and fine-tuning non-core behavior
  • These do not define primary performance, but they modify how systems behave and interact

Core principle:

Feature Enabled -> System Behavior Modified

Interaction layer:

  • Directly interacts with:
    • Regen system (EABSEnable, ReCurrRatio, Fast RE)
    • Weakening system (WeakCurrCoeff, DeepWeak)
    • Safety systems (SeatEnable, Anti-theft, Park)
    • Throttle system (LearnThrottle, StartIs)
  • Works alongside:
    • PROTECT (safety overrides)
    • FUNCTIONS (input control)
    • CURRENT system (performance base)

Real-world behavior:

  • Proper configuration -> clean, predictable system behavior with correct features enabled

  • Disabled features -> simpler system, fewer variables

  • Enabled features -> more functionality but increased complexity

  • Riders experience:

    • Regen behavior changes (EABS, Fast RE)
    • Launch feel differences (StartIs)
    • Feature availability (cruise, reverse, anti-theft)

Limits and failure modes:

  • Enabling unnecessary features -> unpredictable interactions
  • Incorrect calibration (throttle learn values) -> poor throttle response
  • Aggressive weakening (DeepWeak) -> instability at speed
  • Misconfigured safety features -> unsafe operation

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Keep non-essential features disabled for stability (Seat, Push, Anti-theft unless used)
  • Ensure EABSEnable = 1 for consistent regen behavior
  • Avoid enabling DeepWeak unless specifically tuning for high-speed builds
  • Verify throttle learning values before tuning throttle response
  • Use StartIs to fine-tune launch feel only after current settings are correct
  • Treat PRODUCT as a feature layer, not a primary performance tuning layer

FINAL INSIGHT

StageBehaviorSystem StateReal-World EffectRisk Level
LowSafeUnderutilizedSmooth, low stressMinimal
MidOptimalBalancedStrong performance, controlled heatStable
HighDiminishingSaturation beginsSmall gains, rising heatElevated
ExtremeFailureOverloadedNo gain, rapid overheating or instabilityCritical

Core behavior:

  • All FarDriver systems follow a non-linear performance curve
  • Initial increases in parameters produce strong gains, but this quickly transitions into diminishing returns
  • Beyond the optimal range, additional input results in heat, stress, and instability instead of usable performance

Core principle:

Increase -> Gain -> Plateau -> Heat -> Failure

Interaction layer:

  • This pattern applies universally across:
    • MaxPhaseCurr (torque)
    • MaxLineCurr (power)
    • Weakening (speed)
    • Throttle Acc Step (response)
  • All systems are thermally coupled:
    • Increasing one parameter increases total system load
    • Combined increases accelerate heat buildup exponentially

Real-world behavior:

  • Low settings -> predictable, safe, but underpowered

  • Mid settings -> best balance of acceleration, speed, and thermal stability

  • High settings -> feels faster initially, but performance becomes inconsistent

  • Extreme settings -> bike feels aggressive but quickly loses efficiency and stability

  • Riders experience:

    • Strong gains early in tuning
    • Then “fake performance” (more noise, heat, and harshness without real speed gains)

Limits and failure modes:

  • Chasing peak numbers -> reduced real-world performance
  • Excessive current -> motor and controller overheating
  • Excessive weakening -> instability at speed
  • Excessive throttle aggression -> stress without torque gain

Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)

  • Always tune for the mid (optimal) zone, not the maximum possible value
  • Use temperature and consistency as your primary indicators, not peak output
  • If a change increases heat more than performance, it is past the optimal point
  • Balance torque, power, and speed instead of maximizing a single parameter
  • The fastest and most reliable setups operate below the system’s maximum limits

Final takeaway:

Performance is limited by heat and system balance, not by how high you can set a value


Where To Go Next