Reference Values vs the Settings Profile
Values in this article explain parameter behavior. They include a different Ratio In Speed curve and LowSpeedPhaseRatio from the Jaws Mode Settings profile. At 500 RPM the reference uses 100% versus 98% in the settings; at 2250 RPM it uses 80% versus 58%; LowSpeedPhaseRatio is 65% versus 60%. The dataset revision or hardware basis for these differences is not recorded. These are distinct records, not interchangeable confirmed defaults. Preserve motor-specific learned/calibration values and verify applicability before writing settings.
ONYX FarDriver JAWS MODE Controller Reference
This reference explains the core controller behavior of the ONYX-focused FarDriver JAWS MODE configuration.
It covers Simple Mode and Pro NBLE, motor/current relationships, input functions, protection, PID, and firmware features. Detailed gear/RPM ratios, regenerative braking, display/calibration measurements, and throttle-cutout diagnosis have their own linked articles.
Every section explains:
- what the parameter or system does
- how it behaves under load
- what it interacts with
- what it feels like when changed
- where it reaches diminishing returns
- what fails when pushed too far
- how it should be tuned in real ONYX QS motor setups
This is not generic FarDriver documentation. It is written specifically around ONYX builds using ND-series controllers, QS motors, and real-world riding behavior.
JAWS MODE Workflow
Performance Build -> Wiring -> AutoLearn -> Tuning -> Parameters -> Calibration
SYSTEM OVERVIEW
| System | Value |
|---|---|
| Controllers | ND72680 / ND84680 / ND96680 / ND721000 / ND841000 / ND961000 |
| Voltage | 72V / 84V / 96V |
| Motors | QS205 / QS260 / QS273 |
| PolePairs | 16 |
| Mode | JAWS MODE |
This defines the electrical and hardware boundaries that all controller behavior operates within. Power delivery, thermal limits, and control stability are all constrained by the combination of controller capability, system voltage, and motor characteristics.
- Controllers -> define current ceiling and thermal handling
- Voltage -> sets power potential and protection scaling
- Motors -> determine torque response, efficiency, and heat behavior
- PolePairs (16) -> required for correct RPM calculation and stable commutation
- JAWS MODE -> prioritizes fast current delivery and minimal filtering
All tuning and parameter behavior in later sections operate inside these limits.
CORE SYSTEM RELATIONSHIPS
| System | Primary Control | Under Load Behavior | Real-World Feel | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Torque | MaxPhaseCurr | Heat rises exponentially | Hard acceleration | Motor overheating |
| Power | MaxLineCurr | Voltage sag increases | Pull weakens at speed | Cutouts |
| Speed | Weakening | Efficiency drops | Higher top speed | Instability |
| Control | Throttle Acc Step | Current spikes | Snappy throttle | Heat + stress |
Power = Voltage × Current
Heat ≈ Current² × Time
Voltage Sag ≈ Current × Internal Resistance
These systems are directly coupled. Increasing one always shifts load into another.
- Increasing MaxPhaseCurr (Torque) increases acceleration, but heat rises exponentially and quickly becomes the limiting factor
- Increasing MaxLineCurr (Power) improves high-speed pull, but increases voltage sag, reducing effective power under load
- Increasing Weakening (Speed) raises top speed, but reduces efficiency and torque while increasing instability at high RPM
- Increasing Throttle Acc Step (Control) makes response feel faster, but creates current spikes that add heat and stress without increasing sustained torque
Real-world behavior:
- High torque + high power -> fastest acceleration, but maximum thermal load
- High power + low voltage -> severe sag, weak top-end performance
- High weakening + high current -> unstable high-speed behavior
- High throttle response + high phase current -> sharp feel, but inefficient and heat-heavy
Limits follow a consistent pattern:
Increase -> Gain -> Tradeoff -> Limitation
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Do not increase MaxPhaseCurr and MaxLineCurr simultaneously without monitoring motor and controller temperature
- If acceleration is strong but weakens at speed, increase MaxLineCurr before increasing MaxPhaseCurr
- If the system becomes unstable at high RPM, reduce WeakCurrCoeff or weakening response before adjusting current limits
- If throttle feels aggressive but inefficient, reduce Throttle Acc Step before lowering current values
- On QS motors, excessive phase current produces diminishing returns quickly and converts directly into heat rather than usable torque
SIMPLE MODE SCREEN
| System | Role | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base Parameters | Defines baseline system behavior | Controls direction, voltage scaling, low-speed response | Motor Direction / Protection / Throttle | Stable vs unstable base operation | Misconfiguration issues |
| Three Speed System | Scales torque and speed per gear | Limits or allows current and RPM | MaxPhaseCurr / LimitSpeed | Adjustable performance modes | Weak output or overheating |
| Functions (Simple) | Controls logic and safety features | Enables/disables system behaviors | Regen / Throttle / Safety inputs | Convenience and stability features | Unsafe or inconsistent behavior |
Core behavior:
- SIMPLE MODE provides high-level control over system behavior without modifying deep controller logic
- It defines how the system behaves at a functional level: direction, low-speed response, gear scaling, and feature control
- It does not directly define peak performance limits, but it strongly influences usability and ride feel
Interaction layer:
- Base Parameters set foundational behavior that all other systems depend on
- Three Speed settings scale the output defined in PRO NBLE (current and speed limits)
- Functions modify how and when systems activate, including regen, safety, and external inputs
- All SIMPLE MODE parameters act as modifiers on the deeper PRO NBLE configuration
Real-world behavior:
- Proper configuration -> predictable throttle, stable braking, and controllable power delivery
- Gear system -> allows quick adjustment between low, mid, and high performance modes
- Functions -> enable or disable features depending on riding conditions and preferences
- Misconfiguration -> noticeable immediately in throttle feel, braking, or system behavior
Limits and failure modes:
- SIMPLE MODE cannot override incorrect PRO NBLE configuration
- Incorrect base parameters -> unstable or unusable system behavior
- Improper gear scaling -> inefficient performance or excessive heat
- Disabled or misused functions -> reduced safety or unexpected behavior
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Configure SIMPLE MODE first to establish stable baseline behavior before tuning PRO NBLE
- Use gear scaling to manage usable performance without changing core current limits
- Keep base parameters aligned with actual hardware (voltage, direction) at all times
- Enable only necessary functions - avoid unnecessary system complexity
- Treat SIMPLE MODE as the user-facing control layer and PRO NBLE as the performance layer
BASE PARAMETERS
| Parameter | Explanation | Primary Effect | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Reverse Direction | Reverses motor rotation | Direction only | Motor Direction | Normal or reversed throttle feel | Incorrect rotation |
| Rated Voltage | Sets system voltage scaling | Protection accuracy | LowVolProtect / OverVolProtect | Stable vs unstable cutoff behavior | Cutouts / over-discharge |
| Low Power Control Mode (11-SOP) | Defines low-load throttle behavior | Low-speed current control | ThrottleResponse / ECOAccCoeff | Smooth vs jerky low-speed riding | Dull or inconsistent response |
| Energy Feedback (EABS Mode) | Sets regen preset strength | Braking current | MaxBackCurr | Light to aggressive braking feel | Wheel slip / instability |
Core behavior:
- These parameters define baseline system behavior before any high-power tuning is applied
- They do not directly increase performance, but they control how the system responds at low load and during transitions
Interaction layer:
- Motor Reverse Direction must match Motor Direction or throttle behavior becomes inverted
- Rated Voltage directly affects all protection thresholds and voltage-based calculations
- Low Power Control Mode shapes how throttle inputs translate into current at low speed
- Energy Feedback interacts with MaxBackCurr and regen tables to define total braking force
Real-world behavior:
- Incorrect direction settings -> immediate unusable throttle behavior
- Incorrect voltage -> random cutouts or battery stress under load
- Poor low power mode tuning -> jerky launches or overly soft response
- Aggressive regen -> strong braking but increased risk of rear wheel slip
Limits and failure modes:
- Motor Reverse Direction has no performance gain, only correct/incorrect states
- Rated Voltage outside actual pack voltage -> protection system failure
- Low Power Control Mode too low -> unresponsive throttle
- Energy Feedback too high -> instability under braking
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Set Motor Reverse Direction correctly first before any other tuning
- Always match Rated Voltage to actual system voltage to avoid protection errors
- Use 11-SOP for balanced ONYX behavior; adjust only if low-speed control is problematic
- Increase Energy Feedback gradually and validate stability under braking, especially on QS motors
- Do not attempt to compensate poor throttle behavior with high current - fix Low Power Control Mode first
CONFIGURATION VALUES
| Parameter | Set Value | System Role | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Reverse Direction | Enabled On | Direction control | Motor Direction | Correct forward throttle response | Reversed throttle if mismatched |
| Rated Voltage | 72V | Voltage scaling | Protection system | Stable cutoff and power calculation | Cutouts or over-discharge if incorrect |
| Low Power Control Mode | 11-SOP | Low-speed control | ThrottleResponse / ECOAccCoeff | Smooth, predictable low-speed throttle | Jerky or dull response if misconfigured |
| Energy Feedback | EABS Mode Medium | Regen baseline | MaxBackCurr | Balanced braking feel | Slip if increased too high |
Core behavior:
- These values define the baseline operating state of the controller before load or tuning changes are applied
- They establish how the system behaves at startup, low throttle, and during braking
Interaction layer:
- Motor Reverse Direction must align with Motor Direction to maintain correct throttle orientation
- Rated Voltage determines how all voltage-based protections behave under load and regen
- Low Power Control Mode directly influences how throttle input converts into current at low speed
- Energy Feedback sets the baseline regen level, which is then scaled by MaxBackCurr and regen mapping
Real-world behavior:
- Correct configuration -> predictable throttle, stable braking, and consistent protection behavior
- Incorrect direction -> immediate throttle inversion
- Incorrect voltage -> unstable cutoffs or battery stress under acceleration or regen
- Medium EABS -> controlled braking suitable for street riding without excessive slip
Limits and failure modes:
- Direction mismatch -> unusable throttle control
- Voltage mismatch -> protection system malfunction
- Low Power Mode too aggressive -> jerky launches
- High regen settings -> rear wheel instability under braking
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Verify Motor Reverse Direction and Motor Direction alignment before any tuning
- Always match Rated Voltage to the actual battery (72V system) to ensure correct protection behavior
- Use 11-SOP as a stable baseline for QS motor control; only adjust if low-speed response is problematic
- Keep EABS at Medium for balanced ONYX street riding; increase only if additional braking force is required and traction allows
- Do not attempt to fix low-speed behavior with current or throttle tuning - correct Low Power Control Mode first
Motor Reverse Direction
| Parameter | Function | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Reverse Direction | Reverses motor rotation electronically | No impact on power or efficiency | Motor Direction | Correct or reversed throttle orientation | Inverted throttle control |
Core behavior:
- This parameter strictly controls motor rotation direction and does not influence torque, power, or efficiency
- It operates at the control logic level, flipping phase sequence electronically
Interaction layer:
- Directly linked to Motor Direction in Pro NBLE settings
- Both parameters must align to ensure correct rotational output
- Does not interact with current, voltage, or performance tuning systems
Real-world behavior:
- Correct setting -> normal throttle response and expected forward motion
- Incorrect setting -> throttle input results in reversed wheel direction
- No change in acceleration, speed, or thermal behavior
Limits and failure modes:
- No performance benefit from adjustment
- Only valid states are correct or incorrect
- Misconfiguration results in unusable throttle behavior
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Set Motor Reverse Direction correctly before any other configuration or tuning
- If throttle direction is reversed, correct this parameter instead of adjusting wiring or other settings
- Always verify alignment with Motor Direction after controller or firmware changes
- Do not attempt to compensate for incorrect direction using any performance parameters
Rated Voltage
| Parameter | Function | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rated Voltage | Sets system voltage scaling for all calculations and protections | Determines when voltage limits trigger under sag or regen | LowVolProtect / OverVolProtect | Stable vs unstable cutoff behavior | Premature cutouts or over-discharge |
Core behavior:
- Rated Voltage defines how the controller interprets battery voltage across all systems
- It does not change actual power, but it scales protection thresholds and internal calculations
Interaction layer:
- Directly linked to LowVolProtect and OverVolProtect thresholds
- Affects how the controller reacts to voltage sag under load and voltage rise during regen
- Influences battery protection behavior across all operating conditions
Real-world behavior:
- Correct value -> predictable cutoff behavior and stable operation under load
- Too low -> premature low-voltage cutoffs during acceleration
- Too high -> battery over-discharge risk and delayed protection response
- Under regen -> incorrect value can trigger unexpected over-voltage cutouts
Limits and failure modes:
- Does not increase performance when raised or lowered
- Incorrect value leads to protection system misbehavior
- Mismatch between actual battery voltage and Rated Voltage causes instability under load and braking
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Always match Rated Voltage to the actual battery system (72V, 84V, or 96V)
- Do not use Rated Voltage as a tuning parameter - it is a system definition value
- If experiencing random cutouts under load, verify Rated Voltage before adjusting current limits
- If regen causes unexpected shutdowns, confirm Rated Voltage alignment with OverVolProtect settings
Low Power Control Mode
| Parameter | Function | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Power Control Mode (11-SOP) | Defines low-throttle current mapping | Controls how smoothly current is applied at low load | ThrottleResponse / ECOAccCoeff | Smooth vs jerky low-speed control | Dull response or unstable throttle |
Core behavior:
- This parameter controls how throttle input is translated into current at low speeds and low load conditions
- It shapes the initial response curve before high-current systems dominate behavior
Interaction layer:
- Works with ThrottleResponse to define overall throttle feel
- Interacts with ECOAccCoeff to scale acceleration in low-power or ECO conditions
- Influences how quickly phase current begins ramping from zero
Real-world behavior:
- Proper setting -> smooth launches, predictable throttle, easy low-speed control
- Too aggressive -> jerky starts, difficult modulation in traffic or tight maneuvers
- Too soft -> delayed response, weak initial acceleration feel
Limits and failure modes:
- Does not increase peak power or torque
- Only affects low-speed and low-throttle behavior
- Incorrect configuration leads to poor rideability, not performance gain or loss
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Use 11-SOP as the baseline for QS motor setups on ONYX builds
- If launches feel jerky, reduce aggressiveness here before adjusting Throttle Acc Step
- If throttle feels unresponsive at low speed, adjust this before increasing current limits
- Do not attempt to fix low-speed behavior with MaxPhaseCurr - correct this parameter first
- Fine-tune in combination with ThrottleResponse for balanced control
Energy Feedback (EABS)
Energy Feedback, MaxBackCurr, brake-input logic, and battery charge acceptance govern electrical deceleration. Mechanical brakes remain necessary. See FarDriver Regenerative Braking and Full-Battery Cutouts for the complete EABS explanation and reference tables.
Riding Modes and RPM Scaling
MaxPhaseCurr sets the phase-current ceiling; MaxLineCurr sets the battery-current ceiling. Riding-mode ratios and RPM-dependent scaling modify those limits together with speed and weakening behavior. For the complete tables, mode interactions, and thermal/traction tradeoffs, see FarDriver Ratio In Speed and Gear Ratios.
FUNCTIONS (SIMPLE)
| Function | Behavior | System Effect | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cruise | Holds throttle | Maintains constant output | Throttle system | Steady speed without input | Loss of control if misused |
| P Function | Locks motor | Prevents rotation | Motor control | Anti-roll / parking stability | Cannot move when engaged |
| Auto Return P | Auto-lock after idle | Engages P automatically | P Function | Convenience + safety | Unexpected lock if misconfigured |
| RE Function | Enables regen | Activates braking current | Energy Feedback / MaxBackCurr | Deceleration without brakes | Cutout if over-voltage |
| TCS Function | Limits torque spikes | Reduces sudden current | MaxPhaseCurr / Throttle Acc Step | Prevents wheel spin | Reduced acceleration if too aggressive |
Core behavior:
- These functions do not increase performance, but control system behavior, safety, and ride stability
- They operate as logic-level features that modify how and when current is applied or restricted
Interaction layer:
- Cruise holds throttle output, interacting directly with throttle mapping and current delivery
- P Function overrides motor output entirely, locking rotation regardless of throttle input
- Auto Return P depends on P Function timing and system idle detection
- RE Function enables regen behavior, interacting with Energy Feedback and MaxBackCurr
- TCS Function limits rapid torque spikes by controlling how quickly current is applied
Real-world behavior:
- Cruise -> maintains speed but removes active throttle control
- P Function -> prevents rolling on inclines or during parking
- Auto Return P -> adds safety but may engage unexpectedly if timing is too short
- RE Function -> allows regenerative braking, reducing reliance on mechanical brakes
- TCS Function -> improves traction, especially on high-power QS setups
Limits and failure modes:
- Cruise misuse -> unsafe if road conditions change
- P Function engaged while moving -> abrupt stop or system conflict
- Auto Return P misconfigured -> unexpected lock behavior
- High regen with RE -> potential over-voltage cutout
- TCS too aggressive -> reduced performance and delayed response
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Leave Cruise disabled unless specifically needed for steady-speed riding
- Use P Function for parking stability, especially on inclines
- Disable Auto Return P unless required - can interfere with normal operation
- Keep RE enabled for normal ONYX setups, but balance with regen limits to avoid cutouts
- Use TCS on high-power builds (QS260/QS273) to reduce wheel spin; disable for maximum raw performance
CONFIGURATION VALUES
| Parameter | Set Value | System Effect | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cruise Function | Off | Disables throttle hold | Throttle system | Full manual control | None |
| P Function | Off | Disables motor lock | Motor control | Free movement when stopped | Roll risk on incline |
| Auto Return to P Function | Off | Disables auto-lock | P Function | No unexpected locking | Reduced safety automation |
| High Speed Push ACC | Discover PIN3 | External accel input | Throttle / IO | Optional external control | Misfire if miswired |
| Low Speed Push DEC | Discover PIN2 | External decel input | Regen / IO | Optional braking assist | Misfire if miswired |
| RE Function | On | Enables regen system | Energy Feedback / MaxBackCurr | Controlled deceleration | Over-voltage if excessive |
| Seat Function | Off | Disables seat safety | Safety logic | No seat-based cutoff | Reduced safety |
| Assist Roll Function | Off | Disables low-speed assist | Motor control | No assisted movement | None |
| Side Stand Function | Off | Disables stand cutoff | Safety logic | Motor active with stand down | Safety risk |
| Gear Remember Function | Off | Does not store gear | Gear system | Defaults each startup | Minor inconvenience |
| Park Function | Off | Disables park logic | P Function | No electronic lock | Roll risk |
| TCS Function | Asphalt Road | Enables traction control | MaxPhaseCurr / Throttle | Reduced wheel spin | Reduced peak response |
Core behavior:
- These values define how auxiliary systems, safety logic, and external inputs behave in the controller
- They do not directly increase performance, but significantly affect usability, safety, and ride control
Interaction layer:
- Cruise, ACC, and DEC inputs interact with throttle and current delivery systems
- RE Function enables regen, interacting with Energy Feedback and MaxBackCurr
- P Function and Park logic override motor output regardless of throttle
- TCS modifies how quickly torque is applied, interacting with phase current and throttle response
- Safety-related functions (Seat, Side Stand) can interrupt motor operation based on external conditions
Real-world behavior:
- Most functions disabled -> direct, manual control with minimal interference
- RE enabled -> predictable regenerative braking
- TCS (Asphalt) -> improved traction on high-power setups
- Disabled safety features -> fewer interruptions, but increased rider responsibility
Limits and failure modes:
- Disabled safety systems -> increased risk during operation (stand down, no seat detection)
- Incorrect pin mapping -> unintended acceleration or braking inputs
- Regen enabled with high settings -> possible over-voltage cutouts
- TCS active -> smoother output but reduced aggressive response
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Keep RE Function enabled for standard ONYX riding; tune regen strength separately
- Use TCS (Asphalt) on high-power QS builds to manage traction; disable only for maximum raw output
- Leave Cruise, Auto Return P, and Park disabled unless specifically required
- Verify all external pin mappings (ACC/DEC) before enabling to avoid unintended inputs
- Only disable safety features (Side Stand, Seat) if fully understood - these remove protection layers
PRO NBLE SCREEN
| System | Role | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Definition | Defines motor characteristics | Controls commutation accuracy | AngleDetect / PolePairs / PhaseOffset | Smooth vs unstable operation | Stutter / misfire |
| Power Control | Defines current limits | Governs torque and power delivery | MaxPhaseCurr / MaxLineCurr | Acceleration and pull strength | Overheating / cutouts |
| Throttle System | Controls input response | Shapes current ramp | ThrottleResponse / Acc/Dec Step | Smooth vs aggressive throttle | Heat / inefficiency |
| Speed Control | Limits RPM | Caps maximum speed | MaxSpeed / Weakening | Top speed behavior | Instability |
| Protection System | Prevents damage | Triggers limits under stress | Voltage / Temp protections | Safe vs interrupted operation | Shutdowns |
Core behavior:
- PRO NBLE defines the full control system of the controller, including motor definition, current delivery, throttle behavior, and protection logic
- Unlike Simple Mode, these parameters directly control how the system behaves under load and determine overall performance
Interaction layer:
- Motor definition parameters (AngleDetect, PolePairs, PhaseOffset) determine whether the system operates correctly at all
- Power system (MaxPhaseCurr / MaxLineCurr) defines torque and total power, interacting with thermal limits
- Throttle system controls how quickly current is applied, interacting with both torque and heat generation
- Speed and weakening systems extend RPM but reduce efficiency and stability
- Protection systems override all others when limits are exceeded
Real-world behavior:
- Correct configuration -> smooth, powerful, and stable operation across all speeds
- High current + aggressive throttle -> strong performance but rapid heat buildup
- High weakening -> increased top speed with reduced pull and stability
- Protection triggers -> sudden power reduction or shutdown under extreme conditions
Limits and failure modes:
- Incorrect motor definition -> no operation or severe instability
- Excessive current -> heat saturation and motor/controller damage
- Aggressive throttle + high current -> inefficient, high-stress system
- Weakening pushed too far -> oscillation and loss of control at speed
- Protection thresholds reached -> cutouts or forced power reduction
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Verify motor definition parameters first - incorrect values will invalidate all other tuning
- Set MaxPhaseCurr and MaxLineCurr within safe thermal limits for QS motors before adjusting throttle or speed
- Tune throttle response after current limits are stable to avoid unnecessary heat
- Use weakening conservatively - ONYX builds prioritize usable power over peak speed
- Do not bypass or ignore protection systems - frequent triggering indicates improper tuning
PARAMETERS (FULL LIST)
| Parameter | Value | System Role | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AngleDetect | 0-120°Hall | Hall sensor type | Defines commutation accuracy | Motor Definition | Smooth vs unstable rotation | No operation / stutter |
| TempSensor | 5-KTY83-122 | Temperature sensing | Enables thermal protection | Protection System | Stable thermal monitoring | No protection |
| PhaseOffset | 209 | Timing alignment | Affects efficiency and heat | Motor Definition / LD-LQ | Smooth vs rough operation | Heat / inefficiency |
| PolePairs | 16 | Motor structure | Defines RPM calculation | Speed System | Accurate speed display | Instability |
| Motor Direction | 1 | Rotation logic | Controls direction | Motor Reverse Direction | Correct forward motion | Reversed operation |
| RatedSpeed | 922RPM | Reference speed | Internal scaling | Speed System | Neutral | None |
| Rated Voltage | 72V | Voltage reference | Protection scaling | Protection System | Stable operation | Cutouts / over-discharge |
| RatedPower | 22680W | Power reference | Informational scaling | Internal | Neutral | None |
| MaxSpeed | 2800RPM | RPM limit | Caps speed | Weakening | Top speed limit | Instability if too high |
| BackSpeed | 100RPM | Reverse limit | Caps reverse speed | Motor Direction | Safe reverse | Too slow/fast reverse |
| MaxLineCurr | 330A | Battery current | Controls power draw | Voltage / Sag | High-speed pull | Cutouts / sag |
| MaxPhaseCurr | 680A | Torque current | Controls torque output | RatioInSpeed / Gear | Strong acceleration | Overheating |
| ThrottleResponse | 1-Sport | Throttle curve | Shapes input response | Acc/Dec Step | Aggressive feel | Jerky response |
| Throttle Acc Step | 65 | Current ramp rate | Controls spike rate | ThrottleResponse | Responsive throttle | Heat / stress |
| BoostLineCurr | 330A | Boost power | Temporary current increase | Boost system | Short burst power | Heat spike |
| BoostPhaseCurr | 680A | Boost torque | Temporary torque increase | Boost system | Hard acceleration burst | Thermal stress |
| PhaseExchange | No Exchange | Phase mapping | Corrects wiring | Motor Definition | Proper operation | Misfire if wrong |
| ECOAccCoeff | 8 | ECO scaling | Reduces acceleration | Throttle system | Softer response | Too weak |
| Weak Character | 0-Fast | Weakening entry | Speed extension | Weakening | Faster top speed entry | Instability |
| WeakResponse | 0 | Weakening response | Stability control | Weakening | Smooth vs oscillation | Oscillation |
| WeakCurrCoeff | 100 | Weakening strength | Extends speed | Weakening | Higher top speed | Heat / inefficiency |
| Throttle Dec Step | 90 | Current decay | Controls slowdown | Throttle system | Smooth vs abrupt | Harsh braking feel |
| Release Throttle | 0 | Coast/regen logic | Defines decel mode | Regen system | Coasting behavior | Abrupt transitions |
| Throttle Low | 0.6V | Min voltage | Input calibration | Throttle system | Proper idle | Dead zone |
| Throttle High | 4.35V | Max voltage | Input calibration | Throttle system | Full range control | Limited throttle |
Core behavior:
- These parameters define the complete controller behavior including motor definition, current limits, throttle response, speed limits, and weakening
- They operate together as a unified control system where each parameter influences overall performance, efficiency, and stability
- The RatedPower value does not limit real output. It tells the controller how to interpret motor strength, torque modeling, and thermal assumptions. It affects internal calculations, not power caps.
Throttle Voltage Cutout Check
Throttle Low and Throttle High are calibration values. If power drops at a specific throttle position, stop and verify the measured signal against the configured bounds before changing current, weakening, or PID. See FarDriver Throttle Calibration and Cutout Diagnostics.
The following relationships continue the full parameter-list discussion.
Interaction layer:
- Motor definition parameters (AngleDetect, PolePairs, PhaseOffset) must be correct for any operation to function properly
- Current system (MaxPhaseCurr / MaxLineCurr) defines torque and power, interacting with heat and voltage sag
- Throttle system (Response, Acc/Dec Step) controls how quickly current is applied and removed
- Weakening system extends speed but reduces efficiency and increases instability
- Protection and calibration parameters ensure safe and accurate operation
Real-world behavior:
- Correct configuration -> smooth, powerful, predictable performance
- High phase current -> strong acceleration but rapid heat buildup
- High line current -> better high-speed pull but increased voltage sag
- Aggressive throttle settings -> sharp response but inefficient and heat-heavy
- Weakening -> increased top speed but reduced torque and stability
Limits and failure modes:
- Incorrect motor definition -> no operation or unstable behavior
- Excessive current -> thermal overload and component stress
- Aggressive throttle + high current -> inefficient system with high heat
- Weakening pushed too far -> instability at speed
- Incorrect calibration -> poor throttle response or dead zones
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Verify motor definition parameters first - these are non-negotiable for stable operation
- Set MaxPhaseCurr based on QS motor thermal limits before increasing MaxLineCurr
- Increase MaxLineCurr only after phase current is stable to improve high-speed performance
- Keep Throttle Acc Step below aggressive thresholds (~140) to avoid unnecessary heat
- Use weakening conservatively - ONYX builds favor usable power over peak speed
- Always validate throttle calibration (0.6V-4.35V) before tuning response parameters
Regen and Battery Protection
Regen returns energy to the battery and can cause a voltage-protection event near full charge. Confirm battery charge acceptance and mechanical braking before testing. The detailed current and RPM reference is in FarDriver Regenerative Braking and Full-Battery Cutouts.
FUNCTIONS (ADVANCED)
| Parameter | Value | System Role | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Boost Pin | 13-Invalid | Boost trigger input | Activates boost mode | Boost Currents | Temporary power increase | Misfire if miswired |
| Cruise Pin | 8-PIN17 | Cruise control input | Holds throttle signal | Throttle system | Constant speed | Unsafe if unintended |
| SideStand Pin | 13-Invalid | Safety input | Disables motor | Safety logic | Prevents riding with stand down | Disabled safety |
| Pause Pin | 0-NC | Control input | Pauses system | Logic system | Neutral | No effect |
| Forward Pin | 13-Invalid | Direction input | Enables forward motion | Motor Direction | Normal operation | Conflict if misused |
| Backward Pin | 4-PIN8 | Reverse input | Enables reverse mode | BackSpeed | Controlled reverse | Unexpected reverse |
| Highspeed Pin | 2-PIN3 | Gear input | Activates high gear | Gear system | Full performance | High stress |
| LowSpeed Pin | 1-PIN2 | Gear input | Activates low gear | Gear system | Reduced power | Limited speed |
| Charge Pin | 13-Invalid | Charging logic | Detects charging state | Protection | Safe charging | Mis-detection |
| Anti-theft Pin | 6-PIN14 | Security input | Locks system | Anti-theft logic | Theft prevention | Lockout |
| Seat Pin | 13-Invalid | Safety input | Disables motor | Safety logic | Rider detection | Disabled safety |
| SpeedLimit Pin | 13-Invalid | Speed limiter | Caps speed | LimitSpeed | Reduced speed | Over-restriction |
| Switch Voltage Pin | 13-Invalid | Power input | Controls system state | Voltage system | On/off behavior | Power issues |
| Repair Pin | 13-Invalid | Service mode | Enables diagnostics | Firmware | Maintenance access | Misuse |
| Parameter | Value | System Role | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BoostTime | 45s | Boost duration | Limits boost time | Boost system | Timed power burst | Overheat if abused |
| BoostRelease | 90s | Cooldown time | Prevents re-trigger | Boost system | Controlled usage | Delay frustration |
| HighLowSpeed | 11-Line3Speed | Gear logic | Defines gear switching | Gear ratios | Multi-speed control | Misconfiguration |
| Puse RE | 0-Invalid | Regen logic | Controls regen state | Regen system | Neutral | No regen |
| EmptyRun | 0 | No-load logic | Motor free spin | Throttle system | Testing behavior | Unsafe spin |
| SlowDown | 3 | Deceleration logic | Controls slowdown rate | Throttle Dec | Smooth decel | Abrupt if wrong |
| Gear | 1-Default D | Default gear | Startup gear state | Gear system | Predictable start | Wrong gear start |
| Brake | 0-StopWhenGround | Brake logic | Stops on brake input | Regen / Safety | Immediate stop | Harsh cutoff |
| PC13 | 0-NomalResponse | Input behavior | Signal response type | Control logic | Normal response | Misinterpretation |
| Park | 2-Disabled | Park mode | Motor lock | P Function | No lock | Roll risk |
| Follow | 2-EABSWhenBrake | Regen follow | Regen with brake | EABS | Smooth braking | Weak/strong regen |
Core behavior:
- Advanced Functions define hardware-level control logic and input mapping
- These parameters determine how external signals (pins) interact with controller behavior
- They act as the bridge between physical inputs and internal control systems
Core principle:
Physical Input -> Logic Mapping -> System Behavior
Interaction layer:
- Pin mappings directly control:
- Gear selection (High/Low speed pins)
- Direction (Forward/Backward)
- Safety systems (Seat, SideStand, Anti-theft)
- Boost system interacts with BoostLineCurr and BoostPhaseCurr
- Brake and Follow interact with regen system (EABS, MaxBackCurr)
- Gear logic ties into Ratio In Gears and overall power scaling
Real-world behavior:
Proper configuration -> predictable control and safe operation
Gear pins -> instant switching between performance modes
Boost -> temporary high power when triggered
Safety pins -> prevent unsafe operation (stand, seat, theft)
Misconfiguration results in:
- Unexpected behavior (reverse, throttle lock, no response)
- Disabled safety systems
- Incorrect gear or boost activation
Limits and failure modes:
- Incorrect pin mapping -> non-functional or dangerous behavior
- Disabled safety inputs -> increased risk during operation
- Boost misuse -> thermal overload
- Brake misconfiguration -> harsh cutoff or lack of regen
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Only enable pins that are physically wired and verified
- Keep unused pins set to Invalid to avoid unintended behavior
- Verify gear pins match actual switch wiring before riding
- Use Boost conservatively - ONYX setups already run high current
- Ensure brake + regen (Follow = EABSWhenBrake) is properly configured for smooth deceleration
- Do not disable safety-related pins unless intentionally modifying system behavior
Measurement and Display Accuracy
Display scaling changes reported speed or distance; fixed calibration constants also affect measurements used by protection and control. These are separate from performance tuning. Preserve hardware calibration and use FarDriver Display Settings and Telemetry Accuracy when investigating a mismatch.
PROTECT
| Parameter | Value | System Role | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OverVolProtect | 91.1V | Over-voltage limit | Cuts power on high voltage | Regen / Battery | Prevents overcharge | Sudden cutout |
| OverVolRestore | 89.6V | Recovery threshold | Restores after voltage drops | Regen | Smooth recovery | Oscillation if close |
| LowVolProtect | 58V | Low-voltage cutoff | Limits discharge | Battery / Load | Prevents over-discharge | Power loss |
| LowVolRestore | 60V | Recovery threshold | Restores after voltage rise | Battery | Normal operation resumes | Cycling |
| MotorTempProtect | 160°C | Motor thermal limit | Reduces/halts output | Phase current | Prevents motor damage | Thermal shutdown |
| MotorTempRestore | 140°C | Recovery temp | Restores operation | Motor temp | Safe restart | Delay |
| ControllerTempProtect | 100°C | Controller limit | Reduces output | Current system | Protects controller | Power reduction |
| ControllerTempRestore | 80°C | Recovery temp | Restores output | Controller temp | Stable recovery | Delay |
| O BattCoeff | 896 | Battery scaling | SOC/voltage modeling | Battery system | Accurate estimation | Misread |
| Full BattCoeff | 1250 | Full charge scaling | SOC calibration | Battery system | Accurate full state | Misread |
| ThrottleLost | 0-Inval | Safety logic | Detects throttle fault | Throttle system | Prevents runaway | Disabled safety |
| ThrottleInsert | 256 | Input detection | Validates throttle signal | Throttle system | Stable input | Misread |
| BackP_Time | 18-240s | Reverse timing | Limits reverse duration | BackSpeed | Safe reverse use | Lockout |
| ReleaseToSeat | 2s | Safety delay | Requires seat signal | Seat input | Prevents unintended accel | Delay |
| BlockTime | 50s | Fault block | Locks system after fault | Protection logic | Prevents repeated faults | Downtime |
| ParkTime | 10s | Park delay | Engages park after idle | Park system | Anti-roll | Unexpected lock |
| LmtSpdStartCap | 0 | Speed cap start | Limits acceleration | Speed system | Controlled start | Weak launch |
| LmtSpdMinCap | 0 | Min cap | Lower bound limit | Speed system | Neutral | Restriction |
| LmtSpdMaxCoeff | 128 | Speed scaling | Caps max speed | LimitSpeed | Controlled top speed | Reduced performance |
| TurtleSpeedCurrCoeff | 53 | Limp mode current | Reduces power in fault | Current system | Reduced performance mode | Very weak output |
| BattSignal | 3-Lithium Battery | Battery type | Defines battery model | Protection system | Correct behavior | Mis-scaling |
| LowVol Way | 11-SOP | Low voltage logic | Defines cutoff behavior | Voltage system | Stable cutoff | Erratic cutoff |
| IntRes | 32 | Internal resistance | Models voltage sag | Current / Voltage | Accurate sag response | Misbehavior |
| TempCoeff | 300 | Temp scaling | Adjusts temp readings | Thermal system | Accurate protection | Misread temps |
Core behavior:
- Protection system defines hard safety limits for voltage, temperature, current behavior, and system faults
- These parameters override all performance settings when thresholds are exceeded
- The system continuously monitors conditions and intervenes to prevent damage
Core principle:
If Limit Exceeded -> Reduce Power or Shutdown
Interaction layer:
- Voltage protection interacts heavily with regen (OverVolProtect) and load (LowVolProtect)
- Temperature protection interacts with MaxPhaseCurr and sustained load
- IntRes influences voltage sag modeling, affecting low-voltage cutoffs under load
- Throttle and safety inputs prevent unintended acceleration or faults
- Turtle mode reduces current when faults or limits are approached
Real-world behavior:
High load -> voltage sag -> potential low-voltage cutoff
Strong regen -> voltage spike -> possible over-voltage cutout
Sustained acceleration -> heat buildup -> thermal limiting
Fault conditions -> system enters reduced power (turtle mode) or shuts down
Riders experience:
- Sudden power loss under extreme load
- Reduced performance when hot
- Cutouts during aggressive regen on full battery
Limits and failure modes:
- Overly aggressive limits -> frequent cutouts and poor usability
- Too loose limits -> risk of motor, controller, or battery damage
- Incorrect IntRes -> inaccurate sag prediction -> unexpected cutoffs
- Disabled safety (ThrottleLost, etc.) -> unsafe operation
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Set voltage limits based on actual battery pack (72V nominal -> align cutoffs accordingly)
- Ensure OverVolProtect accounts for regen spikes on full charge
- Keep thermal limits conservative - QS motors generate high heat under load
- Adjust IntRes to match real battery behavior for accurate sag modeling
- Do not disable safety features unless fully understood
- If experiencing cutouts:
- Check voltage sag (LowVolProtect)
- Check regen spikes (OverVolProtect)
- Check thermal limits before increasing current
PID PARAS
| Parameter | Value | System Role | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AN | 0 | Control mode flag | Defines control behavior | Internal logic | Neutral | Misconfiguration |
| LM | 22en-US | Language/region | UI/firmware setting | Display system | Neutral | None |
| StartKl | 4 | Start integral gain | Controls low-speed stability | StartKP / Phase current | Smooth vs weak launch | Stall / jerk |
| StartKP | 0 | Start proportional gain | Initial torque response | StartKl | Soft initial engagement | Sluggish start |
| MidK1 | 8 | Mid-range gain | Controls mid-speed response | MidKP | Balanced acceleration | Oscillation |
| MidKP | 80 | Mid proportional gain | Defines mid-range torque control | MidK1 | Strong mid pull | Instability |
| MaxKl | 12 | High-speed integral gain | Controls stability at high load | MaxKP | Sustained output | Drift / instability |
| MaxKP | 120 | High proportional gain | High-speed torque control | MaxKl | Strong response | Oscillation |
| SpeedKl | 9 | Speed loop integral | Controls speed stability | SpeedKP | Smooth speed holding | Hunting |
| SpeedKP | 10 | Speed loop proportional | Speed response sensitivity | SpeedKl | Stable speed | Oscillation |
| MOE | 0-Enable | Motor output enable | Enables controller output | All systems | Normal operation | No output |
| CurveTime | 100ms | Response smoothing | Time-based ramp control | Throttle / PID | Smooth transitions | Lag or jerk |
Core behavior:
- PID parameters define how the controller responds to error between target and actual motor behavior
- They control stability, smoothness, and responsiveness across different operating regions
- The system uses multiple PID layers:
- Start (low speed)
- Mid (normal operation)
- Max (high load/high speed)
- Speed loop (RPM control)
Core principle:
Error -> PID Correction -> Adjust Current
Interaction layer:
- PID directly controls how MaxPhaseCurr is applied over time
- Interacts with:
- Throttle system (input demand)
- Ratio In Speed (available torque)
- Motor definition (stability baseline)
- Poor PID tuning amplifies instability from aggressive current or weakening settings
Real-world behavior:
Low gains -> smooth but sluggish response
Balanced gains -> stable, responsive acceleration
High gains -> aggressive response but risk of oscillation
Riders experience:
- Proper tuning -> smooth, controlled power delivery
- Poor tuning -> jerky throttle, surging, or unstable speed holding
Limits and failure modes:
- Too high KP -> oscillation, vibration, unstable throttle
- Too high KI -> slow drift or overshoot
- Too low values -> weak response, delayed acceleration
- Mismatched PID zones -> inconsistent feel across speed ranges
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Leave PID close to known stable values unless necessary - this is not a primary tuning layer
- Adjust only after current, throttle, and ratio systems are correctly configured
- Focus on:
- StartKl / StartKP -> launch feel
- MidKP -> main riding response
- MaxKP -> high-speed stability
- Avoid increasing gains to compensate for weak torque - fix current settings instead
- If experiencing oscillation, reduce KP values before changing other systems
PRODUCT
| Parameter | Value | System Role | Under Load Behavior | Interaction | Real-World Behavior | Failure Mode |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ReCurrRatio | 128 | Regen current scaling | Adjusts regen strength | MaxBackCurr | Stronger/weaker braking | Slip / weak regen |
| FwReRatio | 80 | Forward/regen balance | Blends drive vs regen | Regen system | Smooth transitions | Abrupt feel |
| VolSelectRatio | 106 | Voltage scaling | Adjusts voltage response | Protection / Power | Stable voltage behavior | Mis-scaling |
| WeakCurrCoeff | 100 | Weakening strength | Controls high-speed behavior | Weakening system | Higher top speed | Heat / instability |
| Re Acc | 64s | Regen ramp | Controls regen buildup | Regen system | Smooth braking ramp | Abrupt regen |
| AlarmDelay | 500 | Alert timing | Delay before warnings | Protection | Stable alerts | Late warning |
| RelayDelay | 16416ms | Relay timing | Controls power relay delay | Power system | Smooth startup/shutdown | Delay issues |
| RelayOut | 0 | Relay output | Controls relay behavior | Power system | Neutral | Misfire |
| BCEnable | 0 | Battery comms | Enables battery comm | CAN / Battery | Disabled | No comms |
| SeatEnable | 0 | Seat safety | Enables seat logic | Safety system | Disabled | Unsafe |
| PEnable | 0 | Park enable | Enables park mode | Park system | Disabled | Roll risk |
| AutoBackPEnable | 0 | Auto park | Auto engage park | Park system | Disabled | No auto lock |
| CruiseEnable | 0 | Cruise control | Enables cruise | Throttle system | Disabled | None |
| EABSEnable | 1 | Regen braking | Enables EABS | Regen system | Active regen | No regen if off |
| PushEnable | 0 | Push assist | Enables assist mode | Throttle | Disabled | None |
| ForseAntiTheft | 0 | Anti-theft force | Locks system | Security | Disabled | Theft risk |
| OverSpeedAlarm | 0 | Speed warning | Alerts on overspeed | Speed system | No alert | No warning |
| BrakeStillPark | 0 | Brake logic | Park on brake | Safety | Disabled | Roll risk |
| RememberGear | 0 | Gear memory | Stores last gear | Gear system | Resets each start | Inconvenience |
| BackEnable | 1 | Reverse enable | Allows reverse | BackSpeed | Reverse active | No reverse if off |
| RelayDelay1S | 0 | Relay timing | Additional delay | Power system | Neutral | Timing issues |
| SpeedSwitch | 0-Invalid | Speed input | External speed control | Speed system | Disabled | No control |
| StartIs | 512 | Start current | Initial current behavior | Current system | Launch feel | Weak/harsh start |
| FollowSpeed | 0rpm | Follow mode | Speed following | Control logic | Disabled | None |
| Curr-Anti-theft | 0-Invalid | Anti-theft current | Security behavior | Anti-theft | Disabled | None |
| Anti-theft Pulse | 0-Invalid | Pulse security | Signal-based lock | Anti-theft | Disabled | None |
| Temp 70 | 0 | Temp logic | Temp threshold logic | Protection | Neutral | None |
| Fast RE | 0 | Fast regen | Quick regen response | Regen system | Disabled | Harsh if enabled |
| InverseTime | 36 | Timing logic | Response inversion | Control system | Stable timing | Misbehavior |
| SlowDownRpm | 512 | Decel RPM | Controls slowdown zone | Throttle / Regen | Smooth decel | Abrupt |
| SlowDownCoeff | 10 | Decel scaling | Controls decel strength | Throttle system | Controlled slowdown | Harsh |
| RXD | 0-AF | Comm config | Data receive mode | Communication | Stable | Errors |
| LearnThrottle | 24 | Throttle learning | Calibration behavior | Throttle system | Accurate input | Miscalibration |
| LearnVolLow | 18432 | Throttle min | Calibration | Throttle | Correct idle | Dead zone |
| LearnVolHigh | 24320 | Throttle max | Calibration | Throttle | Full range | Limited input |
| DeepWeak | 0-Normal | Weakening mode | Extends speed behavior | Weakening | Normal operation | Instability if high |
| Protocol485 | 0 | Comm protocol | RS485 config | External systems | Disabled | No comms |
Core behavior:
- Product parameters define firmware-level features, toggles, and secondary behaviors
- They act as a feature control layer, enabling or disabling subsystems and fine-tuning non-core behavior
- These do not define primary performance, but they modify how systems behave and interact
Core principle:
Feature Enabled -> System Behavior Modified
Interaction layer:
- Directly interacts with:
- Regen system (EABSEnable, ReCurrRatio, Fast RE)
- Weakening system (WeakCurrCoeff, DeepWeak)
- Safety systems (SeatEnable, Anti-theft, Park)
- Throttle system (LearnThrottle, StartIs)
- Works alongside:
- PROTECT (safety overrides)
- FUNCTIONS (input control)
- CURRENT system (performance base)
Real-world behavior:
Proper configuration -> clean, predictable system behavior with correct features enabled
Disabled features -> simpler system, fewer variables
Enabled features -> more functionality but increased complexity
Riders experience:
- Regen behavior changes (EABS, Fast RE)
- Launch feel differences (StartIs)
- Feature availability (cruise, reverse, anti-theft)
Limits and failure modes:
- Enabling unnecessary features -> unpredictable interactions
- Incorrect calibration (throttle learn values) -> poor throttle response
- Aggressive weakening (DeepWeak) -> instability at speed
- Misconfigured safety features -> unsafe operation
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Keep non-essential features disabled for stability (Seat, Push, Anti-theft unless used)
- Ensure EABSEnable = 1 for consistent regen behavior
- Avoid enabling DeepWeak unless specifically tuning for high-speed builds
- Verify throttle learning values before tuning throttle response
- Use StartIs to fine-tune launch feel only after current settings are correct
- Treat PRODUCT as a feature layer, not a primary performance tuning layer
FINAL INSIGHT
| Stage | Behavior | System State | Real-World Effect | Risk Level |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Safe | Underutilized | Smooth, low stress | Minimal |
| Mid | Optimal | Balanced | Strong performance, controlled heat | Stable |
| High | Diminishing | Saturation begins | Small gains, rising heat | Elevated |
| Extreme | Failure | Overloaded | No gain, rapid overheating or instability | Critical |
Core behavior:
- All FarDriver systems follow a non-linear performance curve
- Initial increases in parameters produce strong gains, but this quickly transitions into diminishing returns
- Beyond the optimal range, additional input results in heat, stress, and instability instead of usable performance
Core principle:
Increase -> Gain -> Plateau -> Heat -> Failure
Interaction layer:
- This pattern applies universally across:
- MaxPhaseCurr (torque)
- MaxLineCurr (power)
- Weakening (speed)
- Throttle Acc Step (response)
- All systems are thermally coupled:
- Increasing one parameter increases total system load
- Combined increases accelerate heat buildup exponentially
Real-world behavior:
Low settings -> predictable, safe, but underpowered
Mid settings -> best balance of acceleration, speed, and thermal stability
High settings -> feels faster initially, but performance becomes inconsistent
Extreme settings -> bike feels aggressive but quickly loses efficiency and stability
Riders experience:
- Strong gains early in tuning
- Then “fake performance” (more noise, heat, and harshness without real speed gains)
Limits and failure modes:
- Chasing peak numbers -> reduced real-world performance
- Excessive current -> motor and controller overheating
- Excessive weakening -> instability at speed
- Excessive throttle aggression -> stress without torque gain
Tuning Guidance (ONYX-Specific)
- Always tune for the mid (optimal) zone, not the maximum possible value
- Use temperature and consistency as your primary indicators, not peak output
- If a change increases heat more than performance, it is past the optimal point
- Balance torque, power, and speed instead of maximizing a single parameter
- The fastest and most reliable setups operate below the system’s maximum limits
Final takeaway:
Performance is limited by heat and system balance, not by how high you can set a value
